Nhoroondo Yekutanga Nekukura KweLoto Locking and Labeling System

Nhoroondo Yekutanga Nekukura KweLoto Locking and Labeling System
I. Danho remwana asati aberekwa: Maitiro Ekuchengetedza Evanhu Vekare (Kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 - 1960)
Pfungwa yekuti "lockout tagout" yakatanga kuoneka muindasitiri yezvitima.
Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 kusvika pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, apo vashandi vekugadzirisa njanji vaigadzirisa ma "turnouts" nema "signal control cabinet", vaikiya ma "switch box" nemakiyi uye vairembedza zviratidzo zvekunyevera zvakanyorwa nemaoko kudzivirira vamwe kuti vasaite zvikanganiso. Uyu ndiwo waiva muenzaniso wekutanga weTagout + simple Lock concept.
Matanho Ekutanga Ekunyeverwa Ari Nyore Mufekitori
Mushure mekukura nekukurumidza kwemaindasitiri, tsaona dzakadai sekupwanywa kwemuchina uye kuvhunduka kwemagetsi kwaiitika kakawanda panguva yekugadzirisa zvikanganiso mumabasa ekugadzira zvitambi, machira, uye maworkshop emakanika. Makambani aingoshandisa mapepa nemabhodhi emapuranga sezviratidzo zvekuyeuchidza kumisa muchina, asi pakanga pasina michina yekukiya chaiyo, uye zviratidzo zvekunyevera zvaibviswa nyore nyore kana kusateererwa, zvichikonzera tsaona dzakawanda.
Tsika Yekuzvivharira Iri Nyore Yekutanga Yeindasitiri
Mamwe makambani makuru ekugadzira zvinhu akazvimiririra akagadzira mitemo yemukati: Vasati vagadzirisa, vaibvisa switch huru vokiya switch nekiyi yakajairika, asi pakanga pasina mwero wakabatana, pasina kiyi yekuchengetedza yakatsaurirwa, uye pasina maturusi ekukiya anoshandiswa nevanhu vakawanda. Iri raive basa rakapararira uye risina kurongeka, uye hapana sisitimu yakajairika yakagadzirwa.
II. Mutemo Unokurudzira Danho: Kusimudzirwa kweMutemo Nenjodzi Dzinokonzerwa Nekukuvara Kubasa muUnited States (1970 - 1988)
1. Nheyo yeMutemo yepamusoro-soro: Mutemo weKuchengetedzwa Kwebasa uye Hutano wa1970
Ruzivo rwekukuvara kwemaindasitiri muUnited States muma1960 rwaishamisa. Muna 1970, nyika yese yaive neavhareji yekufa kwevashandi zviuru gumi nezvina nekuda kwekukuvara kwakakonzerwa nebasa uye mamiriyoni ekukuvara kwakakomba. Mugore rimwe chetero, Nixon akasaina OSH Act, achigadza OSHA - United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration, ichipa hurumende simba rekusimbisa mitemo yekuchengetedza mafekitori. Chikamu chemhosva yepamutemo chaitoda kuti mabhizinesi adzore njodzi yekutanga michina netsaona, asi pakanga pasina mitemo chaiyo yeLOTO.
2. Sangano Rinosundira Kugadzwa Kwemitemo Inodiwa (Key Node muna 1979)
Muindasitiri yekugadzira mota, vashandi vazhinji vekugadzirisa mota vakafa nekuda kwekusavhara masosi emagetsi, uye michina yacho yakatangwa zvisirizvo. Kwakave netsaona dzakafanana makumi maviri nembiri dzakafanana muindasitiri yemotokari chete. United Automobile Workers Union (UAW) yakakumbira OSHA kuti iise mutemo wekukurumidza wenguva pfupi unonyanya kudzorwa kudzora kuparadzaniswa kwesimba rine njodzi uye maitiro ekuvhara kunze. Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
OSHA yakagamuchira chikumbiro ichi ndokuburitsa gwaro rekuzivisa mutemo weLOTO muna 1980 mushure memakore masere ekutsvagisa, kunzwa kwevanhu, uye kukumbira pfungwa kubva kumakambani. Nhamba dzakarongwa dzekukuvara kwebasa kunopfuura 10,000 kwakakonzerwa nekugadzirisa munyika yese dzakasimbisa kuti tsaona dzinopfuura hafu dzerufu rwemakanika dzakakonzerwa nekukundikana kusiyanisa simba rine njodzi.
III. Kuberekwa kweGlobal Formal Standardization: Kushandiswa kweMitemo yeLOTO Inosungirwa muna 1989
Kuburitswa kweMitemo Yepakati
Musi wa1 Gunyana 1989, OSHA yakaburitsa zviri pamutemo mutemo we29 CFR 1910.147 we "Control of Hazardous Energy (lockout tagout)". Wakatanga kushandiswa zvizere musi wa2 Ndira 1990. Uyu ndiwo waive musimboti wekutanga weLOTO wakakwana uye unosunga zviri pamutemo pasi rose, zvichiratidza kuvandudzwa kweLOTO kubva pakushanda kwakapararira kuenda kumaitiro ekuchengetedza anosungirwa pamutemo.
Kugadzira Maitiro Ekuvandudza Akajairika (Kugadzira Framework yeLoto Yemazuva Ano)
Siyanisa pakati pezviratidzo zvekukiya kiya zvemuviri: Zviratidzo zvekuyambira ndezvekubatsira chete, uye maswichi esimba ane maburi ekukiya anofanira kuvharwa nechisimba；
Tsanangura seti yakazara yemaitiro akajairwa: Mira - Cheka simba - Bvisa simba rakasara - Tagout yekukiya - Edza kuti uone;
Zvishandiso Zvakakosha Zvinoenderana: Makiyi ekuchengetedza emunhu, makiyi akatambanudzwa (kukiya kwevanhu vakawanda), makiyi ecircuit breaker, makiyi evharuvhu, ma tag ekunyevera, nzvimbo dzekutarisira makiyi dziri pakati nepakati; Zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekudzidziswa, kuongororwa nguva dzose, kugadziriswa kwevanhu vakawanda nehurongwa hwekukiya hwemunhu mumwe chete, kubvisa zvachose njodzi yekuvhurwa nguva isati yakwana uye kutanga kwekambani nemunhu mumwe chete.
4. Kukurudzira Vanhu Pasirose uye Kuvandudza Kushandiswa Kwenzvimbo
Kutevera panguva imwe chete muEurope nemuUnited States
European Union yakaburitsa gwara rekuchengetedza michina 2009/104/EC, richibatanidza zvizere pfungwa yeLOTO energy isolation yeOSHA, uye richiisa zvakafanana mukuvhara nekumisa mafekitori ekuEurope; Canada neAustralia dzakatangawo mitemo yekuchengetedza yakafanana panguva imwe chete.
China inotanga uye inoshandisa mitemo yenyika
Mushure megore ra2000, mabhizinesi makuru ekunze, makemikari, magetsi, uye maindasitiri emotokari muChina ndiwo akatanga kuunza manejimendi yeLOTO;
Muna 2017, standard yenyika GB/T 33579-2017 "Kuchengetedzwa Kwemichina - Nzira dzeKudzora Simba reNjodzi: Lockout Tagout" yakaburitswa, ichibatanidza LOTO muzvinodiwa zvekugadzirisa kugadzirwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwemumba, uye ichigadzira cheni yakazara yekuchengetedza yeindasitiri ine mabhureki akareba, makiyi ekutarisira, uye seti yakazara yemakiyi ekuchengetedza.
5. Pfungwa Huru Yekutanga Kwekuzvarwa Kwehurongwa
Sisitimu yeLOTO haina kugadzirwa nechisimba; yakagadzirwa nekuda kwetsaona dzakawanda dzinouraya panguva yekugadzirisa, kusimudzirwa kwemasangano evashandi, mitemo yehurumende, uye kupa zvishandiso zvakajairwa:
Kuvimba chete nezviyeuchidzo zvemashoko nezviratidzo zvepepa hakugoni kudzivirira kushaya hanya kwevanhu;
Zvakakosha kuvimba nemakiyi chaiwo kuti ugadzire chipingamupinyi chisingapfuuriki；
Mumamiriro ekugadzirisa evanhu vakawanda, kushandiswa kwemakiyi emabhandi akareba kunoita kuti mabhatani avharwe, zvichidzivirira kutanga netsaona;
Nzvimbo yekukiya iri pakati (Chiteshi Chekuvharira Chekutarisira) inopihwa semhinduro yekugadzirisa matambudziko ekutarisira maturusi akapararira uye kupinda zvisina kunaka, zvichidzivirira vashandi kuti vasapinde muchirongwa chekukiya.